Chinese cuisine is one of the world’s great culinary traditions and a reflection of its multi-layered culture. It is one of the oldest and most universally beloved types of cuisine, with a vast range of innovative dishes and techniques developed over many centuries. Moreover, Chinese cuisine varies significantly depending on the region, which explains why the many varieties are both beloved and appreciated all over the world.
From the northern provinces of Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei to the southern regions near Guangzhou, Hong Kong and Macau, Chinese cuisine is incredibly diverse. Each type of regional cuisine has unique characteristics, unique ingredients, and unique cooking methods. To best understand the complex character of this delicious cuisine, this article will take a look at its history, regional specialties, and some of the most popular dishes.
History of Chinese Cuisine
Chinese cuisine is one of the oldest in the world and its origins can be traced back to the sixth century BC when the first cookbooks were written. During this time, Chinese cooking was focused around the use of fresh ingredients, the emphasis on regional flavors, and the importance of honoring the environment. Over the centuries, Chinese cuisine evolved as different regions developed their own flavors and techniques, and it is now one of the world’s most renowned cuisines.
Traditional Chinese Cuisine
Traditional Chinese cuisine is generally divided into two main categories: northern and southern. Northern cuisine is known for its bold flavors, while Southern cuisine has lighter, milder flavors. In Northern China, dumplings and noodles are staples in the common diet. Meat dishes and heavier gravies are also popular. In the South, rice is the staple, with a wider range of vegetables, fruits, and seafood.
Regional Specialties of Chinese Cuisine
Peking Duck
Peking duck is a classic dish from Beijing. The duck is roasted or smoked over a burning fire of fragrant wood, and then sliced paper-thin and served with a special sweet-and-sour sauce. The sauce is usually made from vinegar, sugary syrups and spices, often mustard or garlic.
Cantonese Roast Pork
Cantonese roast pork is a staple in the southern Chinese province of Guangdong. It’s a succulent dish that is served cold, typically garnished with spring onion, garlic, chilli and sesame oil. It’s often served with boiled jasmine rice or noodles.
Xi’an’s Biang Biang Noodles
Xi’an is a city located in the Shaanxi Province renowned for its famous biang biang noodles. These thick, hand-pulled noodles are usually served stir-fried with vegetables and a spicy sauce made with garlic, chili oil, and Sichuan peppers.
Spicy Szechuan Chicken
Szechuan chicken is a popular spicy dish prepared by coating cubed chicken in a sauce made of soy sauce, garlic, ginger and chilli peppers. It’s served over a bed of white rice, often accompanied by pickled vegetables. The dish is popular throughout the Szechuan Province, but it’s also commonly found in Cantonese cuisine.
Pork-Filled Soup Dumplings
Pork-filled soup dumplings (xiaolongbao) are a popular dish from Shanghai. These dumplings are filled with a mixture of pork and seasonings, then steamed in a broth-infused wrapping made from either wheat-starch or rice-flour dough. The dumplings are usually served with a savory dipping sauce made from soy sauce, ginger, and garlic.
Guilin Rice Noodles
Guilin rice noodles are a specialty of the Yangtze River Delta region. These thin and chewy strips of rice noodles can be served either dry with a variety of sauces and toppings, or in a savory soup.
Chinese cuisine is much more than just a delicious treat. It is a reflection of the country’s long and fascinating history, with each region in the country boasting unique ingredients, flavors and techniques. From Peking Duck, to Cantonese roast pork, Spaici Szechuan chicken and pork-filled soup dumplings, to the lesser-known dishes like Guilin rice noodles, the possibilities for experiencing this delicious cuisine are virtually endless. Whether you’re dining on the streets of Beijing or in the restaurants of Hong Kong, Chinese cuisine is an exciting and delicious way to explore the many flavors and culture of China.